GLAUCOMA

Glaucoma, a serious disease, is one of the leading causes of blindness. It is most common in individuals over the age of 35. It is estimated that one in 50 in the age category has his vision threatened by glaucoma. When it is diagnosed early, however, blindness from glaucoma can almost always be prevented.

Glaucoma could be described as hypertension of the eye. A clear liquid continually flows through the inside of the eye. Normally the same amount of fluid flows out of the eye as flows in. However, if this drainage system gets blocked, hindering fluid movement, its pressure increases within the eye. This increased fluid pressure can damage the delicate optic nerve which carries signals to the brain giving sight.

There are primarily three ways the eye’s drainage system can become blocked…the most common is when debris and deposits build up slowly over a period of time. The fluid pressure gradually increases within the eye. This is similar to the process of fatty deposit buildup on the body’s blood carrying arteries. Most adult glaucoma victims have this type. It is called chronic open-angle glaucoma. Vision is lost so slowly and imperceptibly that its victim is unaware of trouble until the optic nerve is badly damaged. Next to this is the congenital glaucoma which springs from birth and results from an imperfectly formed drainage system. The eye often becomes enlarged because of greater elasticity in younger persons and the front of the eye may fog over. Affected individuals often tear excessively, and the eye is sensitive to light. And the last type occurs suddenly when the iris or other tissue slides over the drainage opening. This immediately halts fluid movement out of the eye. Such a sudden complete blockage is called acute angle-closure glaucoma. Victims of this condition experience blurred vision, severe pain, nausea, and vomiting, and they see halos around lights. If this is untreated, blindness can result in 24-48 hours.

Early diagnosis of changes in eye fluid pressure is essential. People over the age of 35 should be checked for glaucoma at least once every three years. Someone experiencing any decrease in vision, recurring pain, or any of the symptoms mentioned in the description of glaucoma types should seek immediate medical attention.